This chapter focuses on the judicial branch of the Indian government, highlighting the critical role of the judiciary in interpreting and upholding the Constitution. Students will examine the structure and composition of the Supreme Court and the High Courts, as well as the principles of judicial independence and the doctrine of basic structure. The chapter will also delve into the concept of judicial review, the Supreme Court's power to determine the constitutional validity of laws and executive actions, and the landmark cases that have shaped the evolution of the Indian judiciary.